Adversaries may poison Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) caches to position themselves between the communication of two or more networked devices. This activity may be used to enable follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) or [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002). The ARP protocol is used to resolve IPv4 addresses to link layer addresses, such as a media access control (MAC) address.(Citation: RFC826 ARP) Devices in a local network segment communicate with each other by using link layer addresses. If a networked device does not have the link layer address of a particular networked device, it may send out a broadcast ARP request to the local network to translate the IP address to a MAC address. The device with the associated IP address directly replies with its MAC address. The networked device that made the ARP request will then use as well as store that information in its ARP cache. An adversary may passively wait for an ARP request to poison the ARP cache of the requesting device. The adversary may reply with their MAC address, thus deceiving the victim by making them believe that they are communicating with the intended networked device. For the adversary to poison the ARP cache, their reply must be faster than the one made by the legitimate IP address owner. Adversaries may also send a gratuitous ARP reply that maliciously announces the ownership of a particular IP address to all the devices in the local network segment. The ARP protocol is stateless and does not require authentication. Therefore, devices may wrongly add or update the MAC address of the IP address in their ARP cache.(Citation: Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003)(Citation: Cylance Cleaver) Adversaries may use ARP cache poisoning as a means to intercept network traffic. This activity may be used to collect and/or relay data such as credentials, especially those sent over an insecure, unencrypted protocol.(Citation: Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003)

Linked Issues

Issuelinks
Linktype Issue
is related to Techniques
is blocked by Encrypt Sensitive Information
is blocked by Network Intrusion Prevention
is blocked by User Training
is blocked by Disable or Remove Feature or Program
is blocked by Detect ARP Cache Poisoning Across Linux, Windows, and macOS
is blocked by Limit Access to Resource Over Network
is blocked by Filter Network Traffic
is blocked by Asset Inventories
is blocked by Security, Compliance & Resilience Controls Oversight
is blocked by Secure Baseline Configurations
is blocked by Least Functionality
is blocked by Continuous Monitoring
is blocked by Transmission Confidentiality
is blocked by Transmission Integrity
is blocked by Cybersecurity & Data Protection Attributes
is blocked by Use of External Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS)
is blocked by Media & Data Retention
is blocked by Malicious Code Protection (Anti-Malware)
is blocked by Endpoint File Integrity Monitoring (FIM)
is blocked by Access Enforcement
is blocked by Access Control For Mobile Devices
is blocked by Boundary Protection
is blocked by Data Flow Enforcement – Access Control Lists (ACLs)
is blocked by Session Integrity
is blocked by Remote Access
is blocked by Wireless Networking
is blocked by Information In Shared Resources
is blocked by Information Output Filtering
is blocked by Input Data Validation
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